ASTROPHYSICAL HYDRODYNAMICS

Docent:
    Rien van de Weygaert,
                      ZG 186,   tel. 3634086,   weygaert@astro.rug.nl

Werkcollege Docent:
     Stefano Antonellini
                      ZG 189,   tel. 3638689,   S.Antonellini@astro.rug.nl

Lecture Notes:

      Lecture Topic 0:                Introduction & Practical Information

      Lecture Topic 1:                Basic Fluid Equations

         Key chapter !!!!!!
         Know by heart: definition fluid, basic Boltzmann equation, continuity equation, Euler equation,
         Bernoulli function & equation, Kelvin circulation theorem
         Know: how to derive fluid equations from Boltzmann equation, derivation Continuity Equation (microscopic, via BE, and macroscopic),
         derivation Euler equation (microscopic, via BE, and macroscopic), follow derivation Energy equation and explain related quantities,

         know by heart: definition (in)compressible fluid, steady flow
         know by heart: Stokes flow theorem; definitions divergence/compression, shear, vorticity
         know: derivation Stokes flow theorem (gradient velocity vector field), physical meaning divergence, shear, vorticity
         explain concept streamlines/pathlines/streaklines


      Lecture Topic 2 & 3:          Bernoulli Applications; Hydrostatics

         Key chapter !!!!!!
         Know: Venturi meter (ie. derive related expressions), explain airflight, de Laval Nozzle (in detail)
         Know: Hydrostatics: Archimedes principle, derivation isothermal sphere,
         Know: Hydrostatics, Xray emission galaxy clusters and equation for cluster mass


      Lecture Topic 4 & 5:          Soundwaves & Shockwaves

         Key chapter !!!!!!
         Know by heart: wave equation, harmonic solution wave equation, dispersion relation simple linear sound wave, definition phase and group velocity.
         Know: gravity waves (ie. linear surface waves)
         Know: derivation sound wave equation by simple combination continuity & Euler for small perturbations
         Know: derivation detailed sound wave equation for displacement, velocity perturbation, pressure and density perturbation (Lagrangian and Eulerian),
         Know: phase difference velocity and pressure perturbations, etc.
          (ie. understanding the connection between pressure wave and displacement fluid elements).
         Know: derivation Jeans instability, dispersion relation and Jeans scale/length/mass

         Know by heart: Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions.
         Know: Riemann invariants.
         Know: derivation (1-D) Rankine-Hugoniot conditions, Rankine-Hugoniot shock adiabat, (Hugoniot and Rayleigh lines in) adiabatic diagram,
         Know: strong shocks (density jump), weak shock, derivation relation pre-shock velocity & post-shock pressure,
         Know: explain and describe supernova remnant evolution; derivation Sedov-Taylor solution


        Lecture Topic 4:                Soundwaves
                                                  A. Achterberg, Astrophysical Gas Dynamics, chapter 6

        Lecture Topic 5:                Shockwaves
                                                  A. Achterberg, Astrophysical Gas Dynamics, chapter 7

      Lecture Topic 6:                Diffusion & Viscosity
                                                  A. Achterberg, Astrophysical Gas Dynamics, chapter 9

         Key chapter !!!!!!
         Know by heart: diffusion equation, definition diffusion parameter, definition viscosity, Navier-Stokes equation, definition Reynolds number.

         Know/follow: derivation diffusion equation, radiation diffusion/definition opacity, reasoning towards Navier-Stokes equation
         Know: derivation Poiseuille equation, 3-D flow through canal

      Lecture Topic 7:                Turbulence

         Key chapter !!!!!!
         Understand general properties of turbulence: know at least 7 key properties.
         Description onset of turbulence; relation Reynolds number and turbulence
         Know by heart: Kolmogorov spectrum

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