There is not a single book for this course, rather a number of books are useful as reference for various aspects of the course. Individual lectures might also have suggested literature, so follow the lecture link below to see this.
The following are books that are useful for the topics of the course in general:
This book has a close relationship with the Weka data mining software.
New Trends in Data Warehousing and Data Analysis, Series: Annals of Information Systems , Vol. 3 , Kozielski, Stanislaw; Wrembel, Robert (Eds.) , Springer, 2009, ISBN: 978-0-387-87430-2
This book is more advanced
Michael J. A. Berry & Gordon S. Linoff, "Data mining techniques", Wiley 2004, ISBN-13: 978-0-471-47064-9.
This book has a decidedly clear turn towards the business world and so offers a different view of the field.
Christopher M. Bishop, "Pattern recognition and machine learning", Springer 2006, ISBN-13: 978-0387-31073-2.
This book is focused on the methods used in data mining and is not strongly directed to particular applications.
Scientific Data Management: Challenges, Technology and Deployment, eds.: A.Shoshani, D.Rotem, Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2010, ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-6980-8
Good overview of current practice in scientific data handling with popular reviews of hardware and IT problems.
This course is based on the Interacademia course of lectures held in Spring 2010: Modern Data Mining in Astronomy
and course of lectures Virtual Observations held in Groningen:
2007: Virtual Observations
2008: Virtual Observatories
2010: Virtual Observations