Pieter Corijnus van der Kruit: Schiedam, September 18, 1944
Student of J.H. Oort; Ph.D. thesis: Evidence for past activity in the Galactic nucleus, University of Leiden, October 6, 1971
I am a professor of astronomy at the University of Groningen since 1987 (and Jacobus C. Kapteyn distinguished professor since 2003) and I have been director of the Kapteyn Astronomical Institute 1991 - 1994 and 1998 - 2005.

Jan Hendrik Oort: Franeker, April 28, 1900 -- Leiden, November 5, 1992
Student of P.J. van Rhijn; Ph.D. thesis: The stars of high velocity, University of Groningen, 1 May 1926
Oort was professor of astronomy at the University of Leiden from 1935 to 1970 and director of Leiden Observatory 1946 - 1970. He won the Bruce Medal in 1942. Famous Ph.D. students of Oort are Maarten Schmidt (1956) and Lodewijk Woltjer (1957).

Pieter Johannes Van Rhijn: Gouda, March 24, 1886 -- Groningen, May 9, 1960
Student of J.C. Kapteyn; Ph.D. thesis: Derivation of the change of colour with distance and apparent magnitude together with a new determination of the mean parallaxes of the stars with given magnitude and proper motion, University of Groningen, July 9, 1915
Van Rhijn was professor of astronomy at the University of Groningen and director of the Astronomical Laboratory "Kapteyn" from 1921 to 1956. Other Ph.D. students of van Rhijn include Bart Bok (1932) and Adriaan Blaauw (1946).

Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn: Barneveld, January 19, 1851 -- Amsterdam, June 18, 1922
Student of C.H.C. Grinwis; Ph.D. thesis: Onderzoek der trillende platte vliezen (Study of vibrating flat membranes), University of Utrecht, June 24, 1875
Kapteyn was the founder of the Astronomical Laboratory at the University of Groningen, where he was professor of astronomy and theoretical mechanics from 1878 to 1921. He received the Bruce Medal in 1913. Willem de Sitter (1901) was also a student of Kapteyn.

Cornelis Hubertus Carolus Grinwis: Haarlem, March 9, 1831 -- Baarn, December 25, 1899
Student of R. Van Rees; Ph.D. thesis: De distributione fluidi electrici in superficie conductoris (On the distribution of electricity over the surface of a conductor), University of Utrecht, 3 July 1858
Grinwis was professor of mathematics and physics at the University of Utrecht 1867 - 1896.
Two older brothers of Jacobus Kapteyn also received a Ph.D. from the University of Utrecht with Grinwis as advisor, namely Nicolaas Pieter Kapteyn (1845-1916) (1872: On calculus with symbols and the application thereof to the integration of differential equations) and Willem Kapteyn (1849-1927) (1872: On the theory of vibrating sheets and its relation to experiments). Willem became a professor of mathematics at the University of Utrecht and Jacobus and Willem published together a fundamental paper on stellar velocities in 1900.

Richard van Rees: Nijmegen, May 24, 1797 -- Utrecht, August 23, 1875
Student of G. Moll; Ph.D. thesis: De celeritate soni per fluida elastica propagati (On the speed of sound in an elastic fluid), University of Utrecht, December 17, 1819
Van Rees was professor of mathematics and experimental philosophy at the University of Utrecht between 1831 and 1867. Among van Rees' 22 students we also find Christophorus H. D. Buys Ballot.

Gerrit (Gerard) Moll: Amsterdam, January 18, 1785 -- Amsterdam, January 17, 1838
Student of J.T. Rossijn; Ph.D. thesis: the degree was awarded "honoris causa", University of Utrecht, 28 October 1815
Moll also studied in Amsterdam with Jan Hendrik van Swinden (1746 - 1823), who was Professor of philosophy, physics and astronomy there. The MGP lists Rossijn as first and van Swinden as second advisor. The genealogy of van Swinden includes Leonard Euler, Herman Boerhaave and Willem Jacob van 's Gravesande.
Moll was professor of mathematics and astronomy 1812 - 1815 and professor of mathematics and experimental philosophy 1815 - 1838 at the University of Utrecht, and director of Utrecht Observatory 1812 - 1838.

Johannes Theodorus Rossijn: Noordzijpe, December 18, 1744 -- Utrecht, December 24, 1817
Student of A. Brugmans; Ph.D. thesis: De tonitru et fulmine ex nova electricitatis theoria deducendis (On thunder and lightning according to the new theory of electricity), (Frisian and no longer existing) University of Franeker, 10 December 1762
Rossijn was professor of philosophy, mathematics and astronomy at the Universities of Harderwijk (no longer existing) between 1765 and 1775 and Utrecht from 1775 to 1815. In 1777 he was the founder of the Natuurkundig Gezelschap te Utrecht (similar to the Koninklijk Natuurkundig Genootschap te Groningen, of which I am chairman).

Antonius Brugmans: Hantum, October 22, 1732 -- Groningen, April 27, 1789
Student of J.S. König; Ph.D. thesis: Ph.D.: De phaenomeno (On the phenomenon of), University of Franeker, May 24, 1749
The MGP gives this title for the thesis. In Zeer kundige professoren he is credited with "two philosophical dissertations" with titles Dissertatio metaphysica de essentiarum, idearumque absoluta necessitate earumque origine ex extellectu divino (Metaphysical dissertation on the absolute necessity of the essentials and of the ideas and their origin in the Divine intellect) (May 25, 1948) and Dissertatio philosophica inauguralis de phaenomeno (Philosophical dissertation on the phenomena) (1749).
Brugmans was professor of philosophy at the University of Franeker from 1755 to 1766 and at the University of Groningen from 1766 to 1789.

Johann Samuel König: Büdingen, July 31, 1712 -- Zuilenstein, August 21, 1757
Student of Johann and Daniel Bernoulli and Christian Wolff. König studied in Basel with Johann from 1730 and with Daniel Bernoulli from 1733. He did not formally receive a Ph.D. degree, but is often considered a student of the Bernoulli's. In 1735 he went to study with Christian von Wolff in Marburg. The MGP lists Johan Bernoulli as the first and von Wollf as the second advisor of König.
König later worked in Bern until he was exiled for his liberal ideas, after which he became a professor of philosophy and mathematics at the University of Franeker between 1744 and 1749. He is the discoverer of König's theorem in kinetics and subject of the plagiarism charge related to the principle of least action.

Daniel Bernoulli: Groningen, February 8, 1700 -- Basel, March 17, 1782
Student of Johann Bernoulli(?) ; Ph.D. thesis: Dissertation physico-medica de respiratione (Dissertation on the medical physics of respiration), University of Basel, 1721
The thesis advisor here is according to the MGP, but at other places it is listed as unknown.
Daniel Bermoulli was a professor of mathematics at the University of St. Petersburg from 1725 to 1733 and a professor of physics at the University of Basel between 1750 and 1776. He developed Bernoulli's principle in fluid dynamics.

Johann Bernoulli: Basel, July 27, 1667 -- Basel, January 1, 1748
Student of Jacob Bernoulli; Ph.D. thesis: Dissertatio physico-anatomica de motu musculorum (Dissertation on the physics and anatomy of muscular motion), University of Basel, 1694
The thesis quoted in the MGP is not documented in the biographies referred to here.
Johann Bernoulli was the younger brother of Jacob (who the MGP lists as his thesis advisor). He worked as professor of mathematics at the University of Groningen from 1695 to 1705. He then returned to Basel, where he took over his brother's chair in mathematics. In 1696 he found the solution for the brachistochrone problem in mechanics, laying the foundation for calculus of variations. Leonard Euler, who is in the genealogy of Gerard Moll, was a also student of Johann Bernoulli.

Jacob Bernoulli: Basel, December 27, 1654 -- Basel, August 16, 1705
Student of G.W. von Leibniz; Ph.D. thesis: Solutionem tergemini problematis arithmetici, geometrici et astronomici (Solutions to a triple problem in arithmetics, mathematics and astronomy), University of Basel, February 4, 1684
The thesis in the MGP (which quotes Leibniz as advisor) is not documented in the biographies I refer to. It is widely accepted that he studied the calculus as introduced by Leibniz.
The Bernoulli family had a spice business in Amsterdam. Their Calvinist belief forced them to move to Basel (Switzerland) in the 1550's when the Spanish occupied Holland.
Jacob Bernoulli became professor of mathematics at the University of Basel in 1687 and held this chair until 1705. The Bernoulli numbers in mathematics are named after him.

Christian von Wolff: Breslau, January 24, 1679 -- Halle, April 9, 1754
Student of E.W. von Tschirnhaus and G.W. von Leibniz; Ph.D. thesis: Dissertatio Algebraica de Algorithmo Infinitesimali Differentiali (Dissertation on the algebra of solving differential equations using infinitesimals), University of Leipzig, 1704
Christian Wolff was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at the University of Halle 1706 - 1723 and 1740 - 1754 and at Marburg 1723 - 1740.

Ehrenfriend Walter von Tschirnhaus: Kieslingswalde, April 10, 1651 -- Görlitz, 11 October, 1708
The MGP lists von Tschirnhaus as having obtained the title of Magister philosophiae and Medicinae Doctor at the University of Leiden in 1669 and 1674. Although he did study in Leiden between these years there is no further evidence that he actually obtained a Ph.D. there (or anywhere else).

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz: Leipzig, July 1, 1646 -- Hannover, November 14, 1716
Student of E. Weigel; Ph.D. thesis: De casibus perplexis in jure (On perplexing cases in law), University of Althof, 1666
The thesis has a confusing background. Leibniz studied at Jena with Weigel from 1663 and wrote a habilitation thesis Dissertatio de arte combinatoria (Dissertation on the combinatorial art), which was declined by the University of Leipzig. He received his degree apparently in 1667 at the University of Altdorf, but is is unclear which of the two titles applies and who was the advisor. It seems reasonable to regard Leibniz as a student of Weigel.
The MGP listst Christiaan Huygens as his second advisor. Indeed Leibniz studied mathematics in Paris with Huygens from 1672 onwards. However, it is unlikely that Huygens had anything to do with a thesis in Altdorf well before 1672.
Von Leibniz discovered calculus independent of Newton and invented the mathematical notation we still use. He was a librarian and Count councillor with the Duke of Hanover from 1676 to his death.

Erhard Weigel: Weiden, December 16, 1625 -- Jena, March 20, 1699
Student of P. Müller; Ph.D. thesis: De ascensionibus et descensionibus astronomicis dissertatio (Astronomical dissertation on risings and settings), University of Leipzig, 1650
This is the thesis as quoted in the MGP, which actually states that the advisor is unknown (but see below). Weigel was a mathematician, astronomer and philosopher and is credited with the definition of the date of Easter and promoting the introduction of the Gregorian calendar.
He was a professor of mathematics at the University of Jena from 1653 to 1699.

Philipp Müller: 1585 -- 1659
He was, according to Rienhard Klette, the thesis advisor of Erhard Weigel and a professor of mathematics at the University of Leipzig since 1616. Girlich and Schlote (p.4) mention that Müller had already been a professor of physics since 1614.
Müller had a keen interest in astronomy and was one of the first to accept Kepler's laws of planetary motion (see Russell, 1964, e.g. on p.7: "Kepler had, however, at least one disciple during the 1620's: Philip Müller, professor of mathematics at the Leipzig University"). He actually corresponded extensively with Johannes Kepler, such as in this letter.
In his biography of Kepler, Max Caspar describes Jacob Bartsch as a pupil of Philip Müller's; Bartsch is known to have made a star chart based on Müller's data and later became Kepler's assistant and son-in-law.

Academic Genealogy